{"id":3375,"date":"2015-04-29T09:35:08","date_gmt":"2015-04-29T07:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=3375"},"modified":"2021-05-21T12:39:02","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T10:39:02","slug":"genetica-stresului-si-a-depresiei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=3375","title":{"rendered":"Genetica stresului \u0219i a depresiei"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 gena 5-HTTLPR influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care oamenii reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba adversit\u0103\u021bii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3371\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie-300x206.png\" alt=\"stresdepresie\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie.png 340w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Ne \u00eentreb\u0103m deseori care sunt factorii care influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care fiecare dintre noi reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba evenimentelor stresante ale vie\u021bii, de ce unii reu\u0219esc s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 cu succes adversit\u0103\u021bii extreme, \u00een timp ce al\u021bii se pr\u0103bu\u0219esc psihic \u00een situa\u021bii mult mai \u201cbl\u00e2nde\u201d.<br \/>\nMulte voci din lumea medical\u0103 afirmau de ceva vreme c\u0103 factorii genetici influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care reac\u021bion\u0103m \u00een situa\u021bii stresante, iar rezultatele studiilor numeroase f\u0103cute \u00een ultimii ani par a duce, \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it, la \u00eencheierea controversei care a existat pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103.<br \/>\nGena \u201cdepresiei\u201d \u2013 gena 5-HTTLPR, numit\u0103 \u0219i gena transportorului serotoninei &#8211; a ap\u0103rut pentru prima oar\u0103 pe \u201cecranele radarelor\u201d \u00een 2003, d\u00e2nd na\u0219tere multor speran\u021be c\u0103 \u201cdescifrarea\u201d ei ar putea contribui la \u00een\u021belegerea \u0219i tratarea mai eficace a tulbur\u0103rilor anxioase sau depresive.<br \/>\nTocmai aceast\u0103 speran\u021b\u0103 a f\u0103cut ca descoperirea genei 5-HTTLPR s\u0103 fie considerat\u0103 drept una dintre cele mai importante descoperiri \u0219tiin\u021bifice ale anului 2003. \u00cen 2009, totu\u0219i, perspectiva p\u0103rea a se r\u0103sturna c\u00e2nd rezultatele c\u00e2torva studii puneau la \u00eendoial\u0103 influen\u021ba acestei gene asupra riscului de apari\u021bie a depresiei \u00een situa\u021bii stresante.<br \/>\nCercet\u0103rile au continuat cu \u0219i mai mult\u0103 asiduitate, iar trecerea \u00een revist\u0103 a rezultatelor ob\u021binute \u00een ultimii ani \u00een cadrul unor studii care au implicat, \u00een principal, perechi de gemeni, au adus dovezi clare c\u0103 varianta scurt\u0103 a genei 5-HTTLPR influen\u021beaz\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 doar \u0219i poate, abilitatea de a face fa\u021b\u0103 cu succes adversit\u0103\u021bii sau, din contr\u0103, de a dezvolta tulbur\u0103ri depresive.<br \/>\nAstfel, \u00een fa\u021ba unor situa\u021bii de adversitate, oamenii care au varia\u021bia genetic\u0103 scurt\u0103 pentru 5-HTTLPR sunt expu\u0219i unei probabilit\u0103\u021bi mai mari de a suferi de episoade depresive dec\u00e2t cei cu varia\u021bia genetic\u0103 lung\u0103 a aceleia\u0219i gene.<br \/>\nTocmai rezultatele unor astfel de studii f\u0103cute cu perechi de gemeni sau membri ai aceleia\u0219i familii \u00eei f\u0103cuser\u0103 pe cercet\u0103tori s\u0103 suspecteze existen\u021ba unei leg\u0103turi \u00eentre materialul genetic \u0219i susceptibilitatea fa\u021b\u0103 de tulbur\u0103rile depresive. Unul dintre rezultatele de interes \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103 a fost faptul c\u0103 riscul de a dezvolta o tulburare depresiv\u0103 cre\u0219tea \u00een cazul membrilor care erau expu\u0219i unor situa\u021bii foarte stresante.<br \/>\nAstfel, nu toate evenimentele stresante ale vie\u021bii sunt egale din punct de vedere al riscului de a duce la depresie. De exemplu, gena 5-HTTLPR cre\u0219te riscul de a dezvolta tulbur\u0103ri depresive \u00een cazul acelor oameni care au trecut prin episoade de abuz \u00een copil\u0103rie sau au avut suferin\u021be medicale severe, prin compara\u021bie cu alte evenimente stresante ale vie\u021bii.<br \/>\nNu se cunoa\u0219te \u00eenc\u0103 mecanismul exact prin care aceast\u0103 gen\u0103 influen\u021beaz\u0103 resorturile depresiei, ci doar c\u0103 cei care au aceast\u0103 varia\u021bie scurt\u0103 a genei reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 exacerbat \u00een situa\u021bii de via\u021b\u0103 stresante, fie el stres negativ, dar \u0219i pozitiv.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie1.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3372\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie1-300x192.png\" alt=\"stresdepresie1\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/stresdepresie1.png 659w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Legaturile neuronale (sinapsele), impactate de nivelul de serotonina eliberat, ar putea fi mecanismul care face diferen\u021ba in reactia la stres<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Unul dintre posibilele mecanisme prin care aceste muta\u021bii genetice predispun la depresie poate fi, de exemplu, prin diminuarea produc\u021biei factorilor de cre\u0219tere care (inter) ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea creierului. De asemenea, o gen\u0103 aberant\u0103 ar putea cre\u0219te sau mic\u0219ora cantitatea de neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tori (serotonin\u0103, de exemplu) elibera\u021bi spre neuroni \u0219i sinapse sau durata activit\u0103\u021bii acestora.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest context, cheia mecanismului pare a sta \u00een elementele genetice care sunt implicate \u00een sinteza \u0219i ac\u021biunea serotoninei. Dintre aceste elemente, un rol foarte important \u00eel joac\u0103 proteina de absorb\u021bie a serotoninei, care este localizat\u0103 \u00een termina\u021biile \u0219i dendritele neuronilor care elibereaz\u0103 serotonina.<\/p>\n<p>Majoritatea cercet\u0103torilor implica\u021bi \u00een studierea acestor mecanisme afirm\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 varia\u021bie genetic\u0103 nu este o cauz\u0103 a depresiei, ci un factor care cre\u0219te riscul apari\u021biei acesteia la anumi\u021bi indivizi.<\/p>\n<p>Varianta scurt\u0103 a genei 5-HTTLPR \u00eei face pe cei \u00een cauz\u0103 mai sensibili la efectele adversit\u0103\u021bii. Astfel, nu este o certitudine c\u0103 prezen\u021ba acestui factor genetic va duce la apari\u021bia depresiei \u00een situa\u021biile \u00een care acei oameni trec prin situa\u021bii stresante, el fiind o variabil\u0103 \u00een ecua\u021bie, dar nu singura.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 \u0219i al\u021bi factori care influen\u021beaz\u0103 riscul de apari\u021bie a depresiei, unul dintre cei men\u021biona\u021bi destul de des fiind \u0219i personalitatea, care este, \u00een mare parte, modelat\u0103 de factorii de mediu, inclusiv de procesul de socializare.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii din domeniu sus\u021bin c\u0103, dup\u0103 ce \u00een ultimii 10-15 ani s-au investit resurse considerabile \u00een studierea acestei gene \u0219i demonstrarea indiscutabilei ei influen\u021be asupra riscului de depresie, este momentul ca cercet\u0103rile s\u0103 fie duse spre un alt nivel.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, eforturile \u0219i resursele trebuie s\u0103 se axeze, \u00een continuare, pe modul \u00een care descoperirile de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum pot duce c\u00e2t mai rapid la g\u0103sirea unor tratamente (mai) eficace pentru depresie, odat\u0103 \u00een\u021belese mecanismele neuro-cerebrale care se declan\u0219eaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd oamenii cu varia\u021bia genetic\u0103 scurt\u0103 a genei transportorului serotoninei (gena 5-HTTLPR) trec prin situa\u021bii stresante.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Articol realizat de Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor E-Asistent, Specialist \u00een comunicare \u0219i rela\u021bii publice, PhD.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Surse de documentare:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/archive.sciencewatch.com\/ana\/hot\/med\/11marapr-med\/\">http:\/\/archive.sciencewatch.com\/ana\/hot\/med\/11marapr-med\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18834553\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18834553<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/depression\/news\/20110104\/depresssion-gene-linked-to-response-to-stress\">http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/depression\/news\/20110104\/depresssion-gene-linked-to-response-to-stress<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17721766\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17721766<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15877307\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15877307<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18294422\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18294422<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/blog\/scicurious\/stress-and-susceptible-brain\">https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/blog\/scicurious\/stress-and-susceptible-brain<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/antiagingworld.net\/how-stress-and-depression-affect-brain-size\/\">http:\/\/antiagingworld.net\/how-stress-and-depression-affect-brain-size\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 gena 5-HTTLPR influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care oamenii reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba adversit\u0103\u021bii &nbsp; Ne \u00eentreb\u0103m deseori care sunt factorii care influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care fiecare dintre noi reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba evenimentelor stresante ale vie\u021bii, de ce unii reu\u0219esc s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 cu succes adversit\u0103\u021bii extreme, \u00een timp ce al\u021bii se pr\u0103bu\u0219esc psihic \u00een [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3375"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3375"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3375\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6821,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3375\/revisions\/6821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3375"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3375"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3375"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}