{"id":3466,"date":"2015-07-24T12:07:47","date_gmt":"2015-07-24T10:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=3466"},"modified":"2015-08-31T18:09:35","modified_gmt":"2015-08-31T16:09:35","slug":"11-iulie-ziua-internationala-a-populatiei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=3466","title":{"rendered":"11 Iulie, Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Popula\u021biei"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"populatie\"<\/a>11 iulie 1987 \u2013 ziua \u00een care un nou n\u0103scut din fosta Republic\u0103 Yugoslavia a dus num\u0103rul popula\u021biei pe glob la 5 miliarde. Din 1989, 11 iulie a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 \u00een fiecare an ca Zi Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Popula\u021biei, pentru a sublinia importan\u021ba \u00een\u021belegerii \u0219i g\u0103sirii unor solu\u021bii adecvate problematicii demografice. \u00cen 2011, popula\u021bia lumii a dep\u0103\u0219it borna \u201c7 miliarde\u201d, fiind de zece ori mai numeroas\u0103 dec\u00e2t acum 400 ani, datorit\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birii standardelor de trai \u0219i medicale. Acest progres extraordinar, \u00eenregistrat \u00een special \u00een ultima sut\u0103 de ani, a permis oamenilor s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t \u00een secolele anterioare, speran\u021ba de via\u021b\u0103 cresc\u00e2nd de la 30 de ani \u00een anii 1800 la 67 de ani \u00een primele decenii ale anilor 2000.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea remarcabil\u0103 a speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103 \u00een ultimii 200 de ani se num\u0103r\u0103 printre cele mai mari realiz\u0103ri ale omenirii. Dac\u0103 \u00een anii 1900 cei mai mul\u021bi nou n\u0103scuti nu dep\u0103\u0219eau v\u00e2rsta de 50 de ani, speran\u021ba de via\u021b\u0103 la na\u0219tere dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te acum 83 de ani \u00een Japonia (liderul mondial \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103) \u0219i a atins 81 de ani \u00een alte c\u00e2teva \u021b\u0103ri dezvoltate. Majoritatea \u021b\u0103rilor \u00een curs de dezvoltare au cunoscut, de asemenea, o cre\u0219tere constant\u0103 a speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu cel de-al doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial.<\/p>\n

Aceasta evolu\u021bie este parte dintr-un proces mai general de schimbare a condi\u021biilor medicale \u0219i demografice la nivel mondial, de\u0219i rata \u0219i calea de schimbare sunt relativ diferite de la o regiune la alta. Acest proces de schimbare se caracterizeaz\u0103, \u00een general, printr-o sc\u0103dere a fertilit\u0103\u021bii, o cre\u0219tere constant\u0103 a speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o muta\u021bie \u00een cauzele principale ale decesului de la bolile infec\u021bioase la cele netransmisibile \u0219i la condi\u021biile medicale cronice. \u00cen societ\u0103\u021bile pre-industriale, riscul de deces era crescut la orice v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i numai o mic\u0103 propor\u021bie a popula\u021biei atingea v\u00e2rste mai \u00eenaintate. \u00cen societ\u0103\u021bile moderne, majoritatea oamenilor tr\u0103iesc cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rste adulte, iar decesul este concentrat \u00een categoria popula\u021biei \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/p>\n

Victoria \u00eempotriva bolilor infec\u021bioase reprezint\u0103 un triumf al proiectelor de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 din secolul 20, care au asigurat imunizarea a milioane de oameni \u00eempotriva variolei, poliomelitei \u0219i altor boli extrem de grave ale copil\u0103riei, precum pojarul. Vaccinarea, care previne circa 6 milioane de mor\u021bi anual, \u0219i cre\u0219terea accesului la apa potabil\u0103 au jucat \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 joace un rol esen\u021bial \u00een aceast\u0103 victorie \u00eempotriva bolilor infec\u021bioase.\"populatie1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Prevenirea decesului infantil \u0219i faptul c\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mul\u021bi copii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 ating\u0103 v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103, au fost, de fapt, motorul principal al cre\u0219terii speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103 \u00een ultimele secole, \u00een special \u00een cazul femeilor. Astfel, mai mult de 60% din cre\u0219terea speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103 \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00eentre 1850 \u0219i 1900 \u00een r\u00e2ndul femeilor din \u021b\u0103rile dezvoltate se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mul\u021bi copii de sex feminin au \u00eenceput s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de cel pu\u021bin 15 ani \u0219i nu faptului c\u0103 mai mul\u021bi adul\u021bi au atins o v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eenaintat\u0103. Aceast\u0103 ultim\u0103 evolu\u021bie demografic\u0103 (sc\u0103derea ratei mortalit\u0103\u021bii dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta adult\u0103) s-a \u00eenregistrat doar \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul 20 \u0219i s-a accelerat \u00een ultimele decenii ale acestuia, care au adus o cre\u0219tere continu\u0103 a speran\u021bei de via\u021b\u0103 a celor din categoria de v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 80 de ani \u0219i peste.<\/p>\n

At\u00e2t \u021b\u0103rile dezvoltate, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele \u00een curs de dezvoltare, sunt afectate de cre\u0219terea popula\u021biei, desi popula\u021bia primelor cre\u0219te mai \u00eencet. La ratele prezente de cre\u0219tere, popula\u021bia din \u021b\u0103rile dezvoltate s-ar dubla \u00een 120 de ani, \u00een timp ce \u00een \u021b\u0103rile \u00een curs de dezvoltare, \u00een care tr\u0103iesc mai mult de trei sferturi din popula\u021bia lumii, acest lucru s-ar \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00een doar 33 de ani. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 37% din popula\u021bia acestor \u021b\u0103ri are mai pu\u021bin de 15 de ani. \u00een timp ce \u00een unele \u021b\u0103ri din Africa, ca 50% din popula\u021bie este din aceast\u0103 categorie de v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 lumea ar fi compus\u0103 dintr-o sut\u0103 de oameni, atunci:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 50 ar fi femei, 50 b\u0103rba\u021bi<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 74 ar fi adul\u021bi, 26 copii<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30 albi, 70 alte rase<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 s-ar na\u0219te \u0219i 1 ar muri \u00een decursul unui an<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 ar muri de foame, 15 ar fi subnutri\u021bi, 21 supraponderali<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 77 ar avea o locuin\u021ba, 23 nu.<\/p>\n

\u00cen multe dintre aceste \u021b\u0103ri \u00een curs de dezvoltare sunt chiar \u0219i acum probleme serioase \u00een a asigura popula\u021biei condi\u021bii decente de via\u021b\u0103, a\u0219\u0103 c\u0103 explozia demografic\u0103 prognozat\u0103 \u00een cazul lor ar crea o criza social-economic\u0103 major\u0103, cu impact dramatic asupra st\u0103rii popula\u021biei, inclusiv din punct de vedere al s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii publice.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, \u00een ultimii ani suntem martorii unui exod record al celor dizloca\u021bi din propriile locuin\u021be de diverse calamit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een special r\u0103zboaie \u2013 circa 60 de milioane de oameni, conform statisticilor ONU \u2013 \u0219i, tocmai de aceea, tema de anul acesta a Zilei Interna\u021bionale este \u201cPopula\u021bii vulnerabile \u00een situa\u021bii de criz\u0103\u201d, iar Fondul pentru Popula\u021bie al ONU are parteneriate cu organiza\u021bii guvernamentale \u0219i non-guvernamentale din 140 de \u021b\u0103ri pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi \u0219i chiar salva vie\u021bile acestor oameni, prin prevenirea r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii bolilor transmisibile, prin reducerea s\u0103r\u0103ciei \u0219i stabilizarea ratei de fertilitate \u00een r\u00e2ndul lor, ceea ce le-ar permite o via\u021b\u0103 mai prosper\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Articol realizat de Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor E-Asistent, Specialist \u00een comunicare \u0219i rela\u021bii publice, PhD.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Surse de documentare:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/research\/publication\/global-health-and-aging\/living-longer<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/86\/2\/07-040089\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.calendarlabs.com\/holidays\/international\/world-population-day.php<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/events\/world-population-day#sthash.mxKFWFJG.dpuf<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.doonething.org\/calendar\/populationday.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/globaldimension.org.uk\/calendar\/event\/7363<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/events\/world-population-day#sthash.mxKFWFJG.dpuf<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.descopera.ro\/stiinta\/5896869-cum-ar-arata-lumea-daca-pe-pamant-ar-trai-numai-100-de-oameni<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ziare.com\/international\/stiri-internationale\/cum-ar-arata-populatia-pamantului-daca-o-reducem-la-doar-100-de-persoane-1281388<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

11 iulie 1987 \u2013 ziua \u00een care un nou n\u0103scut din fosta Republic\u0103 Yugoslavia a dus num\u0103rul popula\u021biei pe glob la 5 miliarde. Din 1989, 11 iulie a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 \u00een fiecare an ca Zi Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Popula\u021biei, pentru a sublinia importan\u021ba \u00een\u021belegerii \u0219i g\u0103sirii unor solu\u021bii adecvate problematicii demografice. \u00cen 2011, popula\u021bia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}