{"id":3783,"date":"2016-06-21T12:11:34","date_gmt":"2016-06-21T10:11:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=3783"},"modified":"2016-07-25T10:52:25","modified_gmt":"2016-07-25T08:52:25","slug":"rolul-mitocondriilor-in-procesul-de-imbatranire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=3783","title":{"rendered":"Rolul mitocondriilor \u00een procesul de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-3771\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii-300x165.png\" alt=\"mitocondrii\" width=\"300\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii.png 465w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u00cemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea este un proces \u00eenc\u0103 nedescifrat \u00een \u00eentregime, neexist\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 acum un consens \u00een lumea medical\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba cauzelor \u0219i principalilor factori care influen\u021beaz\u0103 rata la care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Fiecare descoperire important\u0103 \u00een domeniul biologiei moleculare sau celulare a dus, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, la apari\u021bia unei alte categorii de teorii ale \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii.<\/p>\n<p>Unele dintre aceste teorii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea e declan\u0219at\u0103 de schimb\u0103ri care se produc \u00een paralel, \u00een diverse \u021besuturi, pe baza unor mecanisme celulare intrinseci, \u00een timp ce altele subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 schimb\u0103rile din creier sunt predominante \u0219i determinante. Astfel, studii efectuate pe \u0219oareci de laborator au descoperit c\u0103 hipotalamusul genereaz\u0103 semnale inflamatorii care influen\u021beaz\u0103 nivelul de hormoni cu impact asociat asupra \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii. Al\u021bi cercet\u0103tori au lansat ipoteza c\u0103 celulele m\u0103duvei osoase joac\u0103 un rol crucial \u00een \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire. Un lucru este cert &#8211; \u00een cazul dezvolt\u0103rii unei teorii coerente a \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii, provocarea major\u0103 este dat\u0103 de separarea corect\u0103 a cauzelor de efecte. Existen\u021ba unei corela\u021bii \u00eentre diver\u0219i factori nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 neap\u0103rat existen\u021ba unei rela\u021bii cauz\u0103-efect \u00eentre ace\u0219tia.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt lucru este\u2026 aproape cert \u2013 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nim, celulele noastre sufer\u0103 schimb\u0103ri intrinseci care joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een procesul de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire. Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 aceste schimb\u0103ri celulare pot fi modulate de factori extracelulari precum hormonii sau comunicarea inter-celular\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 mecanismul exact nu este cunoscut, fiind subiectul unui corp de cercet\u0103ri din ce \u00een ce mai numeroase.<\/p>\n<p>Din categoria teoriilor care indic\u0103 schimb\u0103rile celulare intrinseci drept cauz\u0103 a \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii, una dintre cele mai proeminente afirm\u0103 c\u0103 mitocondriile joac\u0103 rolul primordial. \u00cen timp ce nu este \u00eenc\u0103 \u0219tiut de ce mitocondriile se deterioreaz\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nim, dovezile existente p\u00e2n\u0103 acum arat\u0103 c\u0103 acest proces duce la efecte precum insuficien\u021ba cardiac\u0103 sau neuro-degenerescen\u021ba.<\/p>\n<p>Dar ce sunt mitocondriile? Sunt considerate generatoarele de energie ale celulelor \u2013 elementele chimice intr\u0103 \u00een celul\u0103 \u0219i mitocondriile le convertesc \u00een surse de energie, cea mai important surs\u0103 fiind adenozin-trifosfatul. Mitocondriile coordoneaz\u0103 o multitudine de c\u0103i metabolice \u0219i de semnalizare \u0219i joac\u0103, de asemenea, un rol important \u00een procesul de programare a mor\u021bii celulare. Declinul func\u021biei respiratorii \u0219i cre\u0219terea stresului oxidativ la mitocondrii sunt doi factori despre care se crede c\u0103 au un rol important \u00een procesul de imb\u0103tr\u00e2nire.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii1.png\"><img class=\"alignleft  wp-image-3772\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii1-300x138.png\" alt=\"mitocondrii1\" width=\"433\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii1-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mitocondrii1.png 499w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mitocondrie deteriorat\u0103\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mitocondrie s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103ri recente au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 reversarea deterior\u0103rii mitocondriilor este poten\u021bial posibil\u0103 prin cre\u0219terea nivelul prezen\u021bei celulare a unei molecule numit\u0103 adenin nicotinamida (NAD). Studiile au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 sc\u0103derea nivelului acestei molecule cu rol important \u00een metabolizarea energiei celulare contribuie la procesul de deteriorare a mitocondriilor. Deocamdat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, nu au fost publicate rezultatele niciunor teste clinice cu subiec\u021bi umani care s\u0103 valideze aceast\u0103 descoperire f\u0103cut\u0103 prin testare pe \u0219oareci de laborator.<\/p>\n<p>Mecanismul prin care ar ac\u021biona adenin nicotinamida ar fi urm\u0103torul, afirma cercet\u0103torii: NAD stimuleaz\u0103 formarea de noi mitocondrii \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te func\u021bionarea celor existente, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd asupra sirtuinelor, care sunt o clas\u0103 de proteine. Nucleul celulei trimite semnale c\u0103tre mitocondrii pentru ca acestea s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i poat\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219ura activitatea obi\u0219nuit\u0103. Sirtuinele ajut\u0103 la transmiterea acestor semnale p\u00e2n\u0103 la mitocondrii. C\u00e2nd scade nivelul NAD din celul\u0103, ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nim, activitatea sirtuinelor scade \u0219i ea, f\u0103c\u00e2nd ca semnalele cruciale trimise s\u0103 scad\u0103 \u00een putere \u0219i duc\u00e2nd la disfunc\u021bii ale mitocondriilor, cu efect de accelerare a proceselor de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus de NAD, un alt element, dar mult mai cunoscut d\u00e9j\u00e0, cu efect benefic asupra organismului uman \u00een \u00eencetinirea proceselor de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire prin stimularea sirtuinelor este resveratrolul &#8211; ingredient al vinului. Ca urmare, cercet\u0103torii \u00eencearc\u0103 combinarea celor dou\u0103 \u2013 NAD-ul \u0219i resveratrolul &#8211; pentru a g\u0103si o cale de revigorare puternic\u0103 a mitocondriilor \u0219i, astfel, de \u00eencetinire a procesului de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire, aceast\u0103 abordare fiind considerat\u0103 drept o important\u0103 oportunitate pentru viitorul apropiat.<\/p>\n<p><em>Articol realizat de Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor E-Asistent, Specialist \u00een comunicare \u0219i rela\u021bii publice, PhD.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Surse de documentare:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.juvenon.com\">www.juvenon.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.longevinex.com\">www.longevinex.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/64125\">https:\/\/www.jci.org\/articles\/view\/64125<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/guest-blog\/beyond-resveratrol-the-anti-aging-nad-fad\/\">http:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/guest-blog\/beyond-resveratrol-the-anti-aging-nad-fad\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/senescence.info\/aging_theories.html\">http:\/\/senescence.info\/aging_theories.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16860735\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16860735<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ziare.com\/viata-sanatoasa\/alimente\/atentie-vinul-este-un-panaceu-1045107\">http:\/\/www.ziare.com\/viata-sanatoasa\/alimente\/atentie-vinul-este-un-panaceu-1045107<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22399429\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22399429<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8222;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/sciammag\/?contents=2012-01\">A New Path to Longevity<\/a>\u201d \u2013 de David Stipp, Scientific American, 2012<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.usueagle.com\/article\/education-mitochondria-powerhouse\">http:\/\/www.usueagle.com\/article\/education-mitochondria-powerhouse<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.beautifulanalysis.com\">www.beautifulanalysis.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea este un proces \u00eenc\u0103 nedescifrat \u00een \u00eentregime, neexist\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 acum un consens \u00een lumea medical\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba cauzelor \u0219i principalilor factori care influen\u021beaz\u0103 rata la care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103. Fiecare descoperire important\u0103 \u00een domeniul biologiei moleculare sau celulare a dus, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, la apari\u021bia unei alte categorii de teorii ale \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii. Unele dintre aceste teorii [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3771,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3783"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3783\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}