{"id":4019,"date":"2017-02-28T11:05:17","date_gmt":"2017-02-28T09:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=4019"},"modified":"2021-05-21T12:35:27","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T10:35:27","slug":"imuno-terapia-celulara-o-alternativa-din-ce-in-ce-mai-viabila-pentru-tratarea-cancerului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=4019","title":{"rendered":"Imuno-terapia celular\u0103, o alternativ\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai viabil\u0103 pentru tratarea cancerului"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, paradigma de tratament a diverselor tipuri de cancer al s\u00e2ngelui se baza pe transplantul de m\u0103duv\u0103 osoas\u0103, \u00een cazul pacien\u021bilor a c\u0103ror boal\u0103 nu r\u0103spundea la alte forme de tratament. Transplantul de m\u0103duv\u0103 e o procedur\u0103 ce implic\u0103 o spitalizare \u00eendelungat\u0103, are un risc de mortalitate de cel pu\u021bin 20% \u0219i chiar \u0219i pentru cei care \u00eei supravie\u021buiesc, \u0219ansele de vindecare sunt relativ limitate.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Untitled.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4007\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Untitled-300x206.png\" alt=\"Untitled\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Untitled-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Untitled.png 613w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Acum, imuno-terapia celular\u0103 este considerat\u0103 deja o real\u0103 raz\u0103 de speran\u021b\u0103 pentru pacien\u021bii cu leucemie \u0219i limfom non-Hodgkin. Aceast\u0103 abordare terapeutic\u0103 implic\u0103 folosirea anumitor p\u0103r\u021bi ale sistemului imunitar al pacientului pentru eliminarea celulelor canceroase, ceea ce poate fi f\u0103cut \u00een dou\u0103 moduri principale: 1. stimularea sistemului imunitar s\u0103 fie mai activ sau mai inteligent \u00een atacarea celulelor tumorale. 2. \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea acestui sistem cu componente ajut\u0103toare precum proteinele imunitare produse artificial, care s\u0103-l fac\u0103 mai eficace.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ultimul deceniu, imuno-terapia a cunoscut o dezvoltare f\u0103r\u0103 precedent, devenind, \u00eencet dar sigur, o parte important\u0103 a schemelor de tratament pentru mai multe forme de cancer, \u00een special cele de s\u00e2nge. \u00cen prezent, noi forme de imuno-terapie sunt \u00een cercetare \u0219i testare \u0219i se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca acestea s\u0103 impacteze semnificativ modul \u00een care trat\u0103m cancerul \u00een viitor.<\/p>\n<p>Una dintre aceste noi forme de imuno-terapie este cea bazat\u0103 pe celulele T, care sunt extrase \u0219i reprogramate genetic pentru a g\u0103si \u0219i distruge celulele tumorale. Pentru reprogramarea genetic\u0103 a celulelor T, speciali\u0219tii folosesc o tehnic\u0103 de modificare genetic\u0103 care are la baz\u0103 un vector lentivirus derivat din virusul HIV. Acest vector poart\u0103 o protein\u0103 similar\u0103 anticorpilor, numit\u0103 receptor-antigen himeric (RAC), care este pozi\u021bionat\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba celulelor T \u0219i e programat\u0103 s\u0103 se lege de proteinele CD19. Celulele T astfel modificate sunt introduse apoi \u00een corpul pacien\u021bilor \u0219i \u00eencep s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze omor\u00e2nd celulele care au proteina CD19, categorie care include, printre altele, celulele tumorale ale leucemiei acute limfoblastice. Toate celulele care nu au \u00een expresia lor proteina CD19 sunt ignorate de celulele T modificate, proces ce limiteaz\u0103 efectele secundare pronun\u021bate pe care terapiile tradi\u021bionale le au de obicei.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus de atacarea \u021bintit\u0103, mai eficace \u0219i puternic\u0103, a celulelor tumorale, celulele T modificate dup\u0103 procedura descris\u0103 mai sus contribuie \u0219i la stimularea sistemului imunitar al pacientului prin multiplicarea celulelor T ne-modificate, ceea ce duce la crearea unei armate imunitare din ce \u00een ce mai puternice.<\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum ale imuno-terapiei aduc mari speran\u021be pacien\u021bilor cu cancer. De exemplu, unele studii care au \u021bintit leucemia acut\u0103 limfoblastic\u0103 au ar\u0103tat rate de remisie de 90%. Speciali\u0219tii estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 acest tratament revolu\u021bionar va fi prezentat Administra\u021biei Americane a Medicamentului (FDA) \u00een 2017 pentru aprobarea folosirii pe scar\u0103 mai larg\u0103 \u00een tratamentul leucemiei acute limfoblastice, ceea ce ar putea fi \u00eenceputul folosirii \u0219i pentru tratarea altor cancere de s\u00e2nge \u0219i a limfomului. Din ce \u00een ce mai mul\u021bi speciali\u0219ti cred c\u0103 \u00eentr-o zi, nu foarte \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103, imuno-terapia va \u00eenlocui chimio-terapia, cu tot cu pleiada ei de efecte adverse, \u00een tratarea cancerului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Articol realizat de Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor E-Asistent, Specialist \u00een comunicare \u0219i rela\u021bii publice, PhD.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Surse de documentare:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/treatment\/treatments-and-side-effects\/treatment-types\/immunotherapy\/what-is-immunotherapy.html\">www.cancer.org\/treatment\/treatments-and-side-effects\/treatment-types\/immunotherapy\/what-is-immunotherapy.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia\/treating\/targeted-therapy\">www.cancer.org\/cancer\/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia\/treating\/targeted-therapy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pennmedicine.org\/news\/news-releases\/2012\/december\/leukemia-patients-remain-in-remission\">www.pennmedicine.org\/news\/news-releases\/2012\/december\/leukemia-patients-remain-in-remission<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cellbiomedgroup.com\/technology\/about-immmune-cell-therapy\">http:\/\/www.cellbiomedgroup.com\/technology\/about-immmune-cell-therapy<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, paradigma de tratament a diverselor tipuri de cancer al s\u00e2ngelui se baza pe transplantul de m\u0103duv\u0103 osoas\u0103, \u00een cazul pacien\u021bilor a c\u0103ror boal\u0103 nu r\u0103spundea la alte forme de tratament. Transplantul de m\u0103duv\u0103 e o procedur\u0103 ce implic\u0103 o spitalizare \u00eendelungat\u0103, are un risc de mortalitate de cel pu\u021bin 20% \u0219i chiar \u0219i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4007,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4019"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4019"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6819,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4019\/revisions\/6819"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}