{"id":4944,"date":"2018-12-17T16:03:54","date_gmt":"2018-12-17T14:03:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=4944"},"modified":"2019-02-06T10:28:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-06T08:28:48","slug":"cercetarea-medicala-inregistreaza-progrese-majore-in-intelegerea-infectiilor-pneumococice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=4944","title":{"rendered":"Cercetarea medical\u0103 \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 progrese majore \u00een \u00een\u0163elegerea infec\u0163iilor pneumococice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Publicate \u00een 2018, \u00een revista <em>Nature Microbiology, <\/em>rezultatele unui studiu desf\u0103\u015furat de Institutul Karolinska din Suedia, \u00een colaborare cu o echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori de la Institutul\u00a0 pentru infec\u0163ii \u015fi s\u0103n\u0103tate global\u0103 de la University of Liverpool din Marea Britanie \u015fi cu asisten\u0163a unei facilit\u0103\u0163i medicale din Uppsala (Science for Life Laboratory Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomics) aduc speran\u0163e pentru dezvoltarea unor noi strategii de combatere a infec\u0163iilor pneumococice.\u00a0 Aceast\u0103 opinie unanim\u0103 a cercet\u0103torilor se bazeaz\u0103 pe \u00een\u0163elegerea mai bun\u0103 a mecanismului prin care pneumococii cauzeaz\u0103 boli, ceea ce ar putea explica \u015fi consecin\u0163ele pe termen lung ale infec\u0163iilor pneumococice, precum bolile de inim\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Pneumococii pot fi g\u0103si\u0163i \u00een flora normal\u0103 a persoanelor s\u0103n\u0103toase, aceste bacterii fiind, de obicei, inofensive. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, infec\u0163iile pneumococice duc la circa 2 mililoane de decese anual. Pneumococii sunt cea mai comun\u0103 cauz\u0103 a infec\u0163iilor tractului respirator, precum otitele \u015fi sinuzitele, dar \u015fi a infec\u0163iilor severe, precum pneumonia \u015fi meningita.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/streptococ.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4926\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/streptococ-300x173.png\" alt=\"streptococ\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/streptococ-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/streptococ.png 908w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Ilustrare a streptococului pneumoniei<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii care au condus studiul men\u0163ionat anterior \u015fi-au propus s\u0103 \u00een\u0163eleag\u0103 de ce bacteria cauzeaz\u0103 doar c\u00e2teodat\u0103 boli.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest scop, ei s-au axat pe studierea toxinei pneumolizin\u0103, produs\u0103 de pneumococ, cea care duce la producerea de efecte patogene.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, pneumolizina poate interac\u0163iona cu un receptor special &#8211; MRC-1 \u2013 care se g\u0103se\u015fte \u00een anumite celule imune \u015fi, \u00een timpul acestei interac\u0163iuni, declan\u015feaz\u0103 un r\u0103spuns anti-inflamator. Odat\u0103 ce se afl\u0103 \u00een interiorul celulelor imunitare, bacteria se poate feri de alte atacuri \u015fi poate chiar cre\u015fte pentru a duce la apari\u0163ia pneumoniei.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 la acest studiu, se credea c\u0103 pneumolizina produce doar un r\u0103spuns pro-inflamator.\u00a0 Studiul a implicat at\u00e2t celule de \u015foarece de laborator, c\u00e2t \u015fi umane. C\u00e2nd cercet\u0103torii au studiat \u015foarecii de laborator care nu aveau receptorul MRC-1, ei au observat c\u0103 ace\u015ftia prezentau un num\u0103r mai mic de pneumococi \u00een tractul respirator superior.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul infec\u0163iilor cele mai severe, precum meningita, ca \u015fi \u00een cazul infec\u0163iilor tractului respirator, pneumococii g\u0103sesc o modalitate de a dep\u0103\u015fi bariera format\u0103 de vasele de s\u00e2nge care vascularizeaz\u0103 sistemul nervos central. Conform cercet\u0103torilor suedezi, anumi\u0163i pneumococi sferici \u00a0mai mici \u015fi care prezint\u0103 pili reu\u015fesc s\u0103 dep\u0103\u015feasc\u0103 aceast\u0103 barier\u0103 sanguin\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 duc\u0103 la infectarea \u0163esutului cerebral cu ajutorul unei proteine numite RrgA.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii cred c\u0103 aceste descoperiri pot fi importante pentru dezvoltarea unor noi tratamente \u015fi vaccinuri \u00eempotriva infec\u0163iilor pneumococice, de la cele ale tractului respirator, la cele ale creierului, precum meningita.<\/p>\n<p>De\u015fi vaccinurile disponibile acum pot preveni majoritatea deceselor pe care le-ar putea cauza pneumonia \u00een r\u00e2ndul copiilor, este nevoie de cercet\u0103ri noi pentru a defini cauza celorlalte cazuri \u015fi pentru a dezvolta, testa \u015fi lansa pe pia\u0163\u0103 noi vaccinuri pentru ace\u015fti patogeni mai puternici. Unul dintre aceste vaccinuri salvatoare ar putea fi vaccinul pneumococic conjugat, care folose\u015fte drept element conjugat proteina D a H. influenzae \u015fi care urm\u0103re\u015fte s\u0103 protejeze \u00eempotriva pneumoniilor pneumococice \u015fi a celor date de H. influenzae,<\/p>\n<p>Al\u0163i factori patogeni \u00eempotriva c\u0103rora sunt \u00een proces de dezvoltare vaccinuri includ \u015fi virusul respirator sincitial, care este cel mai comun patogen viral (25-35%) identificat la copiii cu pneumonie \u015fi bron\u015fiolit\u0103. \u00cen plus, vaccinuri \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163ite \u00eempotriva tuberculozei pulmonare pot contribui \u015fi ele la controlul epidemiilor de pneumonie pediatric\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Conform Organiza\u0163iei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii (OMS), de\u015fi vaccinurile acoper\u0103 doar anumi\u0163i patogeni \u015fi anumite serotipuri selectate ale patogenilor \u0163inti\u0163i, imunizarea are \u015fi alte c\u00e2teva avantaje care o fac un instrument deosebit de eficace pentru controlul \u00eemboln\u0103virilor. Imunizarea confer\u0103 o protec\u0163ie de durat\u0103, se poate administra rapid unor grupuri largi \u015fi poate fi oferit\u0103 relativ u\u015for \u015fi unor grupuri de popula\u0163ie care pot fi altfel greu de atins prin servicii curative de s\u0103n\u0103tate. Astfel, vaccinurile pot atinge rapid o propor\u0163ie \u00eenalt\u0103 a popula\u0163iei \u015fi pot duce la sc\u0103derea rapid\u0103 a ratei \u00eemboln\u0103virilor.<\/p>\n<p>Ce se poate a\u015ftepta \u00een anii urm\u0103tori? Vaccinurile existente deja \u015fi unele care se vor descoperi \u00eentre timp vor continua s\u0103 fie o parte important\u0103 a fiec\u0103rui program de control al pneumoniei la copii. OMS recomand\u0103 introducerea acestor vaccinuri, odat\u0103 dovedite eficace, \u00een programele na\u0163ionale. Mul\u0163umit\u0103 cre\u015fterii finan\u0163\u0103rii multora dintre \u0163\u0103rile \u00een curs de dezvoltare pentru astfel de programe, un obstacol major pentru folosirea unor noi vaccinuri se poate considera dep\u0103\u015fit, ceea ce face ca extinderea vaccin\u0103rii anti-pneumonie \u00een aceste \u0163\u0103ri s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai accesibil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ciuda acestor progrese, mai sunt multe de f\u0103cut, atrage aten\u0163ia OMS. Prevenirea pneumoniei trebuie s\u0103 devin\u0103 o prioritate la nivel na\u0163ional, iar sistemele de asisten\u0163\u0103 primar\u0103 trebuie \u00eent\u0103rite pentru a se asigura c\u0103 vaccinurile ajung la to\u0163i copiii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acela\u015fi timp, cercetarea trebuie s\u0103 continue pentru a ne asigura c\u0103 apar noi vaccinuri sau noi technologii care s\u0103 ne ajute s\u0103 facem fa\u0163\u0103 bacteriilor \u015fi virusurilor.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, este nevoie \u015fi de extinderea sistemelor de monitorizare a eficacit\u0103\u0163ii vaccinurilor, precum \u015fi de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163irea capacit\u0103\u0163ii de adaptare a programelor de vaccinare pentru a r\u0103spunde schimb\u0103rilor survenite pe parcurs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103 \u2013 Redactor executiv E-asistent<\/em><br \/>\nDocumentare, traducere \u015fi adaptare dup\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ki.se\/en\/news\/how-pneumococci-challenge-our-immune-system\">https:\/\/ki.se\/en\/news\/how-pneumococci-challenge-our-immune-system<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/06\/160629100216.htm\">https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2016\/06\/160629100216.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2018\/11\/181112131644.htm\">https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2018\/11\/181112131644.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/86\/5\/07-044503\/en\/\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/86\/5\/07-044503\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pneumococcal\/about\/diagnosis-treatment.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pneumococcal\/about\/diagnosis-treatment.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pneumococcal\/about\/photos.html\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/pneumococcal\/about\/photos.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Publicate \u00een 2018, \u00een revista Nature Microbiology, rezultatele unui studiu desf\u0103\u015furat de Institutul Karolinska din Suedia, \u00een colaborare cu o echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori de la Institutul\u00a0 pentru infec\u0163ii \u015fi s\u0103n\u0103tate global\u0103 de la University of Liverpool din Marea Britanie \u015fi cu asisten\u0163a unei facilit\u0103\u0163i medicale din Uppsala (Science for Life Laboratory Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomics) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4944"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4944"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4946,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4944\/revisions\/4946"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}