{"id":5557,"date":"2019-12-23T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2019-12-23T14:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=5557"},"modified":"2020-02-05T13:48:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-05T11:48:05","slug":"cele-mai-importante-descoperiri-medicale-ale-deceniului-partea-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=5557","title":{"rendered":"Cele mai importante descoperiri medicale ale deceniului \u2013 partea I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">\u00cen ultimul deceniu, s-a f\u0103cut un num\u0103r semnificativ de descoperiri \u0219i salturi calitative \u00een domeniul medicinei, s-au g\u0103sit noi remedii \u0219i tratamente \u0219i s-au f\u0103cut progrese importante \u00een cercet\u0103rile genetice sau cele legate de celulele stem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">V\u0103 aducem, \u00een c\u00e2teva episoade, descoperirile considerate cele mai de impact de c\u0103tre profesioni\u0219tii din sistemul medical din Marea Britanie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><b>Terapiile \u021bintite anti-cancer<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/anticancer.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5534\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/anticancer-300x198.png\" alt=\"anticancer\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/anticancer-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/anticancer.png 943w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Melanomul este unul dintre cele mai letale cancere de piele, deoarece se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een\u00a0mod agresiv, iar melanomul metastatic are o prognoz\u0103 proast\u0103, rezist\u00e2nd chimioterapiei.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Remarcabila descoperire a posibilit\u0103\u021bii activ\u0103rii unor muta\u021bii \u00een gena numit\u0103 BRAF, prezent\u0103 \u00een aproape jum\u0103tate dintre toate melanoamele \u0219i responsabil\u0103 pentru proliferarea necontrolat\u0103 a celulelor \u2013 a permis dezvoltarea unor terapii \u021bintite anti-cancer, care urm\u0103resc s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 aceast\u0103 cre\u0219tere a tumorii.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">\u00cen plus, progresele din imunoterapie \u2013 anti-corpi care \u021bintesc direct melanomul \u2013 au revolu\u021bionat peisajul terapeutic pentru melanoamele metastatice, recurente sau \u00een stadii avansate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Iar descoperiri similare au fost \u0219i sunt f\u0103cute pentru multe alte tipuri de cancer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><b>Vaccinul anti-HPV<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/antihpv.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5535\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/antihpv-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"antihpv\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/antihpv-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/antihpv-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/antihpv.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Acest vaccin, care protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva infec\u021biei cu virusul Papilloma Uman (HPV), a fost prescris pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een ultimul deceniu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Vaccinurile anti-HPV sunt foarte eficace \u00een prevenirea infec\u021biilor cu diversele tulpini HPV c\u00e2nd sunt administrate \u00eenainte de expunerea ini\u021bial\u0103 la virus \u2013 ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eenainte de \u00eenceperea vie\u021bii sexuale.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #2e2e2e;\">O meta-analiz\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 \u00een 2019 pe programele de vaccinare anti-HPV din 14 \u021b\u0103ri, care au inclus 60 de milioane de persoane vaccinate, a adus dovezi clare pentru eficacitatea vaccinurilor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #2e2e2e;\">De exemplu, comparativ cu perioada de dinaintea \u00eenceperii vaccin\u0103rii, s-au \u00eenregistrat urm\u0103toarele rezultate:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #2e2e2e;\">infec\u021biile cu tulpinile HPV 16 \u0219i 18 au sc\u0103zut cu 83% \u00een r\u00e2ndul fetelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 15-19 ani \u0219i cu 66% \u00een r\u00e2ndul femeilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 20-24 ani la p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 ani dup\u0103 ce a \u00eenceput vaccinarea.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #2e2e2e;\">Prevalen\u021ba leziunilor pre-canceroase care pot duce la cancerul de col uterin a sc\u0103zut cu 51% \u00een r\u00e2ndul fetelor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 15-19 ani \u0219i cu 31% \u00een r\u00e2ndul femeilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 20-24 ani la p\u00e2n\u0103 la 9 ani dup\u0103 ce a \u00eenceput vaccinarea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #2e2e2e;\">P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, s-a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva tulpinilor HPV \u021bintite de vaccinuri a \u021binut cel pu\u021bin 6 ani \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la cel pu\u021bin 9-10 ani, \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de vaccin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Cu c\u00e2t va fi folosit pe scar\u0103 mai larg\u0103, cu at\u00e2t vor cre\u0219te \u0219ansele de eliminare a cancerului de col uterin \u00een urm\u0103torii 20-30 de ani, odat\u0103 cu r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea serviciilor de screening.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><b>Progresul terapiilor contra cancerului de s\u00e2n<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cancerdesan.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5539\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cancerdesan-300x229.png\" alt=\"cancerdesan\" width=\"300\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cancerdesan-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cancerdesan-80x60.png 80w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cancerdesan.png 355w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Cercet\u0103torul \u0219i chirurgul oncolog Dennis Holmes, doctor \u00een medicin\u0103, subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 s-au \u00eenregistrat progese importante ale terapiilor contra cancerului de s\u00e2n, care duc la tratarea eficace a cancerului \u00een timp ce permit \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii vie\u021bii pacien\u021bilor. Dintre progresele f\u0103cute, remarc\u0103m folosirea mai \u021bintit\u0103 a radioterapiei sau a chimioterapiei, chirurgia nodulilor limfatici \u0219i apari\u021bia tehnicilor ne-chirurgicale de tratare a cancerului de s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">De exemplu, \u00een cazul radioterapiei, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se foloseasc\u0103, de\u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 pe scara destul de mic\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\">Radioterapia intraoperatorie \u2013 administrat\u0103 \u00een timpul interven\u021biei chirurgicale, <span style=\"color: #1b1c2a;\">dup\u0103 excizia tumorii, pentru a trata cu radia\u0163ii zona tumoral\u0103, deoarece aceasta poate con\u0163ine prelungiri microscopice ale cancerului. \u00cen acest caz, celulele canceroase r\u0103mase \u00een zon\u0103 vor fi distruse prin administrarea unei singure \u015fedin\u0163e de iradiere chiar \u00een timpul opera\u0163iei.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de radioterapie asigur\u0103 iradierea localizat\u0103 \u0219i <span style=\"color: #353738;\">un control tumoral\u00a0<\/span>localizat, cu eficacitate \u021bintit\u0103.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<li>\n<p align=\"justify\">Brahiterapia (\u201cradioterapia intern\u0103\u201d), care implic\u0103 amplasarea de surse radioactive \u00een interiorul sau \u00een apropierea tumorii, ce arunc\u0103 o doz\u0103 mare de radia\u0163ie \u00een volumul tumoral \u015fi reduce expunerea la radia\u0163ii a \u0163esuturilor s\u0103n\u0103toase.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Mul\u021bumit\u0103 chirurgiei oncologice moderne \u0219i a acestor noi forme de radioterapie, ratele de recidiv\u0103 a cancerului de s\u00e2n sunt acum mai mici de 5% \u00een urm\u0103torii 10 ani dup\u0103 tratament.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"ro-RO\"><i>Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor executiv E-asistent<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\">Surse de documentare:<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-gb\/health\/familyhealth\/the-biggest-medical-discoveries-of-the-decade%E2%80%94and-how-they-impact-you\/ss-BBX4deV?ocid=spartandhp\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-gb\/health\/familyhealth\/the-biggest-medical-discoveries-of-the-decade\u2014and-how-they-impact-you\/ss-BBX4deV?ocid=spartandhp<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/infectious-agents\/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/causes-prevention\/risk\/infectious-agents\/hpv-vaccine-fact-sheet<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">Sursa foto 1 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\"><i>&#8211; articolul \u201cThe biggest medical discoveries of the decade\u201d, <\/i><\/span><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.msn.com\/\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\"><i>www.msn.com<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">Sursa foto 2 &#8211; <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csid.ro\/\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">https:\/\/www.csid.ro\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #000000;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">Sursa foto 3 &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"color: #0563c1;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.labroots.com\/\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\">www.labroots.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen ultimul deceniu, s-a f\u0103cut un num\u0103r semnificativ de descoperiri \u0219i salturi calitative \u00een domeniul medicinei, s-au g\u0103sit noi remedii \u0219i tratamente \u0219i s-au f\u0103cut progrese importante \u00een cercet\u0103rile genetice sau cele legate de celulele stem. V\u0103 aducem, \u00een c\u00e2teva episoade, descoperirile considerate cele mai de impact de c\u0103tre profesioni\u0219tii din sistemul medical din Marea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5557"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5559,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557\/revisions\/5559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}