{"id":5611,"date":"2020-01-30T13:43:27","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T11:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=5611"},"modified":"2020-02-26T11:08:16","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T09:08:16","slug":"cele-mai-importante-descoperiri-medicale-ale-deceniului-continuare-din-numarul-anterior-al-revistei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=5611","title":{"rendered":"Cele mai importante descoperiri medicale ale deceniului (continuare din num\u0103rul anterior al revistei)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/creier.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5588\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/creier-300x188.png\" alt=\"creier\" width=\"500\" height=\"315\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cartografierea creierului<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Progresele \u00eenregistrate \u00een neuro-chirurgie \u00een ultimul deceniu au \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit \u00een mod semnificativ actul medical \u00een acest domeniu \u0219i rezultatele lui.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, neurochirurgii care opereaz\u0103 tumori pe creier pot acum s\u0103 fac\u0103 extirparea lor mult mai precis. Ei au acum posibilitatea s\u0103 fac\u0103, \u00een timpul opera\u021biei, o cartografiere a diverselor func\u021bii localizate \u00een creier, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pacientul s\u0103 poat\u0103 merge sau vorbi, de exemplu, dup\u0103 eliminarea tumorii.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transplantul de fa\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Clinica Cleveland a efectuat primul transplant de fa\u021b\u0103 din lume acum 11 ani \u0219i lucrurile au continuat s\u0103 progreseze de atunci.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2018, se efectuaser\u0103 40 de astfel de transplanturi la nivel mondial. \u00cen ultimul deceniu, tehnicile \u0219i tehnologia folosit\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu au evoluat semnificativ, permi\u021b\u00e2nd simularea procesului chirurgical folosind realitatea virtual\u0103 sau imprimarea 3D, ceea ce a dus la optimizarea preciziei \u0219i la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea rezultatelor func\u021bionale \u0219i estetice ale transplanturilor de fa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/exoschelet.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5591\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/exoschelet-300x181.png\" alt=\"exoschelet\" width=\"569\" height=\"345\" \/><\/a>Reversarea par\u021bial\u0103 a paraliziei<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2019 a fost el \u00eensu\u0219i un an remarcabil pentru progresul din domeniul \u0219tiin\u021belor medicale, dou\u0103 dintre cele mai importante evenimente fiind reversarea par\u021bial\u0103 a paraliziei \u0219i men\u021binerea \u00een via\u021b\u0103 a creierului dup\u0103 moartea organismului.<\/p>\n<p>Primul dintre aceste evenimente a fost posibil prin \u201cre-cablarea\u201d nervilor din corpul persoanelor paralizate, ceea ce le-a permis acestora s\u0103 mi\u0219te din nou bra\u021bele \u0219i palmele.<\/p>\n<p>Pacien\u021bii care au participat la acest studiu clinic de referin\u021b\u0103, care s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een Australia, aveau tetraplegie, care le afecta capacitatea de mi\u0219care \u00een toate cele 4 membre, put\u00e2nd \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 mi\u0219te, \u00eenc\u0103, c\u00e2\u021biva mu\u0219chi din partea superioar\u0103 a bra\u021belor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cadrul studiului, cercet\u0103torii au re-cablat nervii func\u021bionali care legau coloana vertebral\u0103 de ace\u0219ti mu\u0219chi. Nervii au fost sec\u021biona\u021bi \u0219i apoi lega\u021bi de nervii care controlau al\u021bi mu\u0219chi, ca de exemplu cei care permit \u00eentinderea bra\u021bului sau \u00eenchiderea sau deschiderea palmei.<\/p>\n<p>Ace\u0219ti pacien\u021bi tetraplegici din Australia pot acum s\u0103 se hr\u0103neasc\u0103 singuri, s\u0103 \u00eentoarc\u0103 o cheie \u00een broasc\u0103, s\u0103 numere bani sau s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 tastatura unui calculator. Din p\u0103cate, aceast\u0103 recablare nu poate fi f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een cazul pacien\u021bilor care au coloana verterbral\u0103 afectat\u0103 \u00een zona superioar\u0103, caz \u00een care nu mai exist\u0103 nervi func\u021bionali.<\/p>\n<p>Acest studiu din Australia, publicat \u00een iulie 2019 \u00een <em>The Lancet,<\/em> a implicat recablarea a 59 de nervi \u00een cazul a 16 pacien\u021bi, dintre care 4 au avut o interven\u021bie nereu\u0219it\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Important de notat este c\u0103 interven\u021bia de recablare este reu\u0219it\u0103 pe deplin c\u00e2nd se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een lunile 6-12 dup\u0103 trauma care a cauzat paralizia.<\/p>\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 aproape 250 000 de persoane sufer\u0103, \u00een fiecare an, traumatisme care le afecteaz\u0103 coloana vertebral\u0103 \u0219i rezult\u0103 \u00een tetraplegie.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt moment marcant al anului 2019 este cel \u00een care Thibault, un pacient de 30 ani, a putut face un pas, primul \u00een ultimii 2 ani de c\u00e2nd a c\u0103zut de pe biciclet\u0103 \u0219i a suferit o paralizie a tuturor celor 4 membre. Acest pas a fost realizat cu un costum de tip exo-schelet (schelet extern) \u2013 o \u201cma\u0219in\u0103 mobil\u0103\u201d care poate fi purtat\u0103 ca un costum, ac\u021bionat\u0103 de un sistem de motoare electrice, care permite mi\u0219carea tuturor membrelor.<\/p>\n<p>Mi\u0219c\u0103rile lui Thibault nu au fost perfecte \u0219i acest costum robotic este folosit acum doar \u00een laborator, \u00eens\u0103 cercet\u0103torii cred c\u0103 el va putea \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi calitatea vie\u021bii pacien\u021bilor tetraplegici.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Creier de porc resuscitat par\u021bial la 4 ore dup\u0103 moarte<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Studiul a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 moartea celulelor creierului poate fi oprit\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 anumite conexiuni din creier pot fi ref\u0103cute. Aceste lucruri au fost posibile prin pomparea ritmic\u0103 a s\u00e2ngelui sintetic \u00een jurul creierului unui animal decapitat. Aceste descoperiri surpriz\u0103 pun sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii ipoteza c\u0103 celulele creierului sufer\u0103 un declin ireversibil \u00een c\u00e2teva minute dup\u0103 \u00eentreruperea aliment\u0103rii cu s\u00e2nge a creierului \u0219i ar putea duce la descoperirea unor noi tratamente pentru leziunile cerebrale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/tractvocal.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5596\" src=\"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/tractvocal-300x211.png\" alt=\"tractvocal\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" \/><\/a>Tractul vocal virtual<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit un implant cerebral care poate citi g\u00e2ndurile oamenilor \u0219i le poate transforma \u00een vorbire.<\/p>\n<p>Un electrod este implantat \u00een creier \u0219i culege semnalele electrice care dicteaz\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile buzelor, limbei, cavit\u0103\u021bii bucale \u0219i maxilarelor.<\/p>\n<p>Se folose\u0219te apoi un calculator puternic care simuleaz\u0103 cum mi\u0219c\u0103rile din gur\u0103 \u0219i g\u00e2t duc la formarea sunetelor.<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta duce la o vorbire sintetizat\u0103 produs\u0103 de un tract vocal virtual.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor executiv E-asistent<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Surse de documentare:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-gb\/health\/familyhealth\/the-biggest-medical-discoveries-of-the-decade\u2014and-how-they-impact-you\/ss-BBX4deV?ocid=spartandhp\">https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-gb\/health\/familyhealth\/the-biggest-medical-discoveries-of-the-decade\u2014and-how-they-impact-you\/ss-BBX4deV?ocid=spartandhp<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-50813226?fbclid=IwAR0qU6s0_yOXEVlUknMAM9kSOX4HG0B7hO4HJoCVouC8n7SUw2fdwN0cX_k\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-50813226?fbclid=IwAR0qU6s0_yOXEVlUknMAM9kSOX4HG0B7hO4HJoCVouC8n7SUw2fdwN0cX_k<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(19)31143-2\/fulltext\">https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(19)31143-2\/fulltext<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sursa foto 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/njhwllc.com\/brain-mapping\/\">https:\/\/njhwllc.com\/brain-mapping\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sursa foto 2:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\">www.bbc.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sursa foto 3: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.milleniumpost.in\">www.milleniumpost.in<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cartografierea creierului Progresele \u00eenregistrate \u00een neuro-chirurgie \u00een ultimul deceniu au \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit \u00een mod semnificativ actul medical \u00een acest domeniu \u0219i rezultatele lui. Astfel, neurochirurgii care opereaz\u0103 tumori pe creier pot acum s\u0103 fac\u0103 extirparea lor mult mai precis. Ei au acum posibilitatea s\u0103 fac\u0103, \u00een timpul opera\u021biei, o cartografiere a diverselor func\u021bii localizate \u00een creier, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5611"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5611"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5612,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5611\/revisions\/5612"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}