{"id":5855,"date":"2020-06-26T12:15:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T10:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=5855"},"modified":"2020-07-24T12:43:03","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T10:43:03","slug":"tabloul-simptomelor-covid-19-cunoscute-la-acest-moment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=5855","title":{"rendered":"Tabloul simptomelor COVID 19 cunoscute la acest moment"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cazurile COVID-19 severe au, \u00een mod frecvent, dou\u0103 faze, ne explic\u0103 Dr. Desruisseaux, profesor asociat de medicin\u0103 intern\u0103 la Yale University School of Medicine.<\/p>\n<p>De obicei, manifest\u0103rile bolii dispar \u00een c\u00e2teva zile deoarece sistemul imunitar dezvolt\u0103 un r\u0103spuns adecvat \u0219i neutralizeaz\u0103 virusul.<\/p>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, \u00een anumite cazuri, mai ales \u00een r\u00e2ndul celor de peste 65 de ani \u0219i celor cu co-morbidit\u0103\u021bi, dar c\u00e2teodat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een r\u00e2ndul adul\u021bilor s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i \u0219i chiar al copiilor, apare o a doua faz\u0103. Ea este cauzat\u0103 de reac\u021bia dispropor\u021bionat\u0103 a sistemului imunitar, care duce la o inflama\u021bie masiv\u0103 a c\u00e2torva organe, \u00eentr-un moment \u00een care boala viral\u0103 pare a fi sub control.<\/p>\n<p>Infec\u021bia cu coronavirsul SARS-CoV-2 \u00eencepe, \u00een principal, \u00een g\u00e2t \u0219i, pentru mul\u021bi, nici nu merge mai departe. \u00cen alte cazuri, virusul p\u0103trunde ad\u00e2nc \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2ni. Pl\u0103m\u00e2nii con\u021bin multe celule care au receptori pentru SARS-CoV-2, \u00eensemn\u00e2nd c\u0103 virusul poate p\u0103trunde u\u0219or \u00een aceste celule, deturn\u00e2ndu-le ma\u0219in\u0103ria genetic\u0103 pentru a se reproduce. Acest proces afecteaz\u0103 sau chiar distruge celulele pulmonare \u0219i declan\u0219eaz\u0103 r\u0103spunsul imunitar masiv, ceea ce duce, adeseori, la spitalizare.<\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 posibilitate este ca virusul, \u00eempachetat \u00een mucus, s\u0103 alunece din g\u00e2t \u00een stomac. De acolo, se poate r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi oriunde prin intermediul sistemului digestiv, inclusiv \u00een fluxul sanguin. Receptorii pentru SARS-CoV-2 se g\u0103sesc \u0219i \u00een vasele de s\u00e2nge, \u00een intestine \u0219i \u00een termina\u021biile nervoase, ceea ce poate reprezenta o posibil\u0103 explica\u021bie a impactului pe care acest virus \u00eel are \u00een at\u00e2tea p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului.<\/p>\n<p>Febra \u0219i durerile de cap pot fi simptomele multor boli \u0219i sunt simptome importante \u0219i pentru COVID-19. \u00cen plus, mai mul\u021bi oameni au mers la spital \u00eentr-o stare de confuzie sau dezorientare, c\u00e2teodat\u0103 cu febr\u0103 \u0219i dureri de cap, c\u00e2teodat\u0103 nu, fiind apoi diagnostica\u021bi cu COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>Conform unui studiu care a inclus aproape 56 000 de cazuri confirmate \u00een laborator, studiu citat \u00eentr-un raport al Organiza\u021biei Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, simptomul cel mai frecvent, prezent la 88% dintre cazurile studiate, a fost febra.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/simptome.png\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-5848\" src=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/simptome-300x166.png\" alt=\"simptome\" width=\"300\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/simptome-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/simptome-1024x568.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/simptome.png 1026w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Urmeaz\u0103: 1. tusea uscat\u0103 (68%); 2. oboseala (38%); 3. apari\u021bia mucusului (33%); 4. insuficien\u021ba respiratorie (19%); 5. durerea muscular\u0103 sau articular\u0103; (15%); 6. durerea \u00een g\u00e2t (14%); 7. durerile de cap (14%); 8. frisoanele (11%); 9. grea\u021ba sau vomitatul (5%) \u0219i 10. congestia nazal\u0103 (5%).<\/p>\n<p>\u00centr-un alt studiu, scanurile cerebrale au ar\u0103tat o inflamare a creierului la un pacient COVID-19, o condi\u021bie despre care se \u0219tie c\u0103 poate duce la alter\u0103ri ale st\u0103rii mintale normale. Un studiu implic\u00e2nd 214 de pacien\u021bi COVID-19 a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 36.4% au avut simptome neurologice, inclusiv ame\u021beal\u0103, dureri de cap sau crize de apoplexie. Nu este \u00eenc\u0103 confirmat dac\u0103 coronavirusul chiar infecteaz\u0103 creierul sau dac\u0103 simptomele cerebrale apar ca urmare a impactului virusului asupra pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor, ceea ce poate afecta alimentarea cu oxigen a creierului.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd oamenii infecta\u021bi cu COVID-19 dezvolt\u0103 simptomul clasic al dificult\u0103\u021bii \u00een respira\u021bie, aceasta este din cauza infect\u0103rii pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor \u0219i a reac\u021biei sistemului imunitar.\u00a0 Majoritatea pacien\u021bilor se recupereaz\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 infec\u021bia persist\u0103, sistemul imunitar poate r\u0103spunde \u00een mod disporpor\u021bionat, eliber\u00e2nd o mare de proteine inflamatorii, numite citokine, care contribuie la moartea celular\u0103 \u0219i pot duce la sindromul acut de insuficien\u021b\u0103 respiratorie.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd izbucne\u0219te furtuna de citokine, \u021besutul pulmonar poate fi afectat \u00een mod ireversibil \u0219i pl\u0103m\u00e2nii se pot umple cu fluid, ceea ce duce la moartea pacien\u021bilor \u00een multe cazuri. \u00a0Furtuna de citokine duce \u0219i la o supra-\u00eenc\u0103rcare cu celule albe, care \u00eencep s\u0103 atace celule s\u0103n\u0103toase, conform unui studiu recent publicat pe 13 mai \u00een revista <em>Frontiers in Public Health<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 supra-reac\u021bie a sistemului imunitar cauzeaz\u0103 supra-inflama\u021bia \u021besuturilor, ceea ce afecteaz\u0103 \u0219i alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale organismului \u2013 vasele de s\u00e2nge, tensiunea arterial\u0103 sau satura\u021bia de oxigen din s\u00e2nge.<\/p>\n<p>Unii dintre cei infecta\u021bi cu COVID-19 dezvolt\u0103 niveluri periculos de joase ale satura\u021biei de oxigen din s\u00e2nge, chiar dac\u0103, la \u00eenceput, nu se simt deosebit de r\u0103u, pl\u00e2ng\u00e2ndu-se de simptome moderate asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu ale gripei \u0219i de o u\u0219oar\u0103 insuficien\u021b\u0103 respiratorie sau doar oboseal\u0103. Aceast\u0103 condi\u021bie a fost numit\u0103 \u201chipoxia t\u0103cut\u0103\u201d \u0219i se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu satura\u021bia sc\u0103zut\u0103 de oxigen care se resimte la altitudini mari. Aceste persoane se afl\u0103 deja \u00eentr-o condi\u021bie critic\u0103, de\u0219i nu o realizeaz\u0103, deoarece satura\u021bia sc\u0103zut\u0103 de oxigen poate duce rapid la probleme serioase de respira\u021bie \u0219i la v\u0103t\u0103marea organelor.<\/p>\n<p>Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 nu \u0219tiu \u00eenc\u0103 ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, dar mul\u021bi medici numesc aceast\u0103 condi\u021bie &#8211; pneumonia COVID. Autopsia unui num\u0103r mic de persoane care au murit de COVID a ar\u0103tat c\u0103, din cauza acumul\u0103rii de fluide, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii c\u00e2nt\u0103reau deosebit de mult, de 2-4 ori mai mult.<\/p>\n<p>De cur\u00e2nd, medicii au descoperit c\u0103 virusul atac\u0103 \u0219i sistemul sanguin, v\u0103t\u0103m\u00e2nd vasele de s\u00e2nge. \u00centr-un studiu, 31% dintre pacien\u021bii de la terapie intensiv\u0103 din cauza pneumoniei COVID, aveau \u0219i cheaguri de s\u00e2nge. Aceste cheaguri, pe care organismul le produce \u00een efortul de a opri s\u00e2ngerarea, se pot rupe \u0219i pot c\u0103l\u0103tori p\u00e2n\u0103 la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni sau pot bloca fluxul de s\u00e2nge c\u0103tre creier, cauz\u00e2nd un atac vascular. \u0218i mai grav, se pare c\u0103 efectul anti-coagulantelor nu este asigurat \u00een cazul pacien\u021bilor COVID, ceea ce face ca pacien\u021bi tineri s\u0103 moar\u0103 din cauza unui atac vascular.<\/p>\n<p>Prezen\u021ba cheagurilor de s\u00e2nge poate fi depistat\u0103 pe baza nivelului de fragmente de protein\u0103 (D-dimer) care se desprind din cheag. Medicii au observat la mul\u021bi pacien\u021bi COVID niveluri crescute de D-dimer, precum \u0219i cheaguri mari, dar \u0219i mici, care pot afecta inima, pl\u0103m\u00e2nii, rinichii \u0219i alte organe.<\/p>\n<p>La sf\u00e2r\u0219it de aprilie \u0219i \u00eenceput de mai, s-au raportat poten\u021biale simptome noi, \u00een cazul copiiilor, ceea ce a dus la c\u00e2teva decese. C\u00e2teva dintre aceste cazuri au putut fi legate de COVID, altele nu. Simptomele sindromului pediatric inflamator multi-sistem, cum au fost numite aceste simptome, seam\u0103n\u0103 cu un sindrom nelegat numit Boala Kawasaki, care este o cauz\u0103 major\u0103 de decese din cauze cardiovasculare, la copii. Ambele condi\u021bii au \u00een comun febra crescut\u0103, erup\u021biile pe piele, buzele cr\u0103pate \u0219i ochii injecta\u021bi. \u00a0Majoritatea speciali\u0219tilor cred c\u0103 aceste simptome sunt cauzate de o reac\u021bie deosebit de puternic\u0103 a sistemului imunitar \u00een cazul COVID, la fel ca \u00een cazul Bolii Kawasaki.<\/p>\n<p>Lipsa mirosului, numita anosmia, poate fi cauzat\u0103 de r\u0103ceala obi\u0219nuit\u0103, c\u00e2nd congestia umple cu mucus nasul \u0219i pasajele nazele. Alte boli pot duce \u0219i ele la anosmie, c\u00e2nd nervii olfactivi care se g\u0103sesc \u00een partea de sus a cavit\u0103\u021bii nazale sunt deteriora\u021bi. COVID-19 poate avea, de asemenea, anosmia ca simptom. Epiteliul olfactiv, un strat de piele care con\u021bine neuronii care detecteaz\u0103 mirosurile, are \u0219i el, precum pl\u0103m\u00e2nii sau vasele de s\u00e2nge, celule receptor pentru SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt simptom relativ bizar al COVID-19 este ischemia degetelor de la m\u00e2ini sau picioare, o sc\u0103dere a fluxului sanguin care cauzeaz\u0103 leziuni ro\u0219ii sau vine\u021bii la extremit\u0103\u021bile degetelor. Numit\u0103 \u201cdeget COVID\u201d, aceast\u0103 condi\u021bie medical\u0103 poate fi dureroas\u0103 \u0219i, dac\u0103 nu este tratat\u0103, poate duce la moartea \u021besutului.\u00a0 Condi\u021bia afecteaz\u0103, \u00een principal, persoanele mai tinere, care pot avea mai pu\u021bine dintre celalalte simptome sau chiar deloc. Ca \u00een cazul anosmiei, degetul COVID tinde s\u0103 se vindece f\u0103r\u0103 complica\u021bii pe termen lung, dar ambele sunt semne c\u0103 cineva poate avea COVID \u0219i poate fi contagios, chiar dac\u0103 nu are alte simptome.\u00a0 Cercet\u0103torii nu au avut \u00eenc\u0103 timpul necesar s\u0103 investigheze care sunt cauzele din spatele acestor simptome, dar se pare c\u0103 este vorba despre deteriorarea func\u021bion\u0103rii vaselor mici de s\u00e2nge.<\/p>\n<p>Ca orice infec\u021bie a tractului respirator superior, inclusiv a gripei \u0219i r\u0103celilor, COVID-19 poate cauza iritarea membranei care acoper\u0103 ochiul, o condi\u021bie cunoscut\u0103 drept conjunctivit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum vedem, COVID-19 poate ataca aproape orice parte a organismului, cu consecin\u021be care pot fi devastatoare, cauz\u00e2nd o palet\u0103 ame\u021bitor de larg\u0103 de simptome, ce variaz\u0103 de la unele u\u0219oare la cele fatale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor executiv E-asistent <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Surse de documentare:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/elemental.medium.com\/every-covid-19-symptom-we-know-about-right-now-from-head-to-toe-bd1d47584096\">https:\/\/elemental.medium.com\/every-covid-19-symptom-we-know-about-right-now-from-head-to-toe-bd1d47584096<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-52802661?xtor=AL-72-%5Bpartner%5D-%5Bbbc.news.twitter%5D-%5Bheadline%5D-%5Bnews%5D-%5Bbizdev%5D-%5Bisapi%5D&amp;at_custom4=78298584-9F32-11EA-A667-27904744363C&amp;at_medium=custom7&amp;at_campaign=64&amp;at_custom2=twitter&amp;at_custom3=%40bbchealth&amp;at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-52802661?xtor=AL-72-%5Bpartner%5D-%5Bbbc.news.twitter%5D-%5Bheadline%5D-%5Bnews%5D-%5Bbizdev%5D-%5Bisapi%5D&amp;at_custom4=78298584-9F32-11EA-A667-27904744363C&amp;at_medium=custom7&amp;at_campaign=64&amp;at_custom2=twitter&amp;at_custom3=%40bbchealth&amp;at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5820118\/coronavirus-questions-answered\/\">https:\/\/time.com\/5820118\/coronavirus-questions-answered\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cazurile COVID-19 severe au, \u00een mod frecvent, dou\u0103 faze, ne explic\u0103 Dr. Desruisseaux, profesor asociat de medicin\u0103 intern\u0103 la Yale University School of Medicine. De obicei, manifest\u0103rile bolii dispar \u00een c\u00e2teva zile deoarece sistemul imunitar dezvolt\u0103 un r\u0103spuns adecvat \u0219i neutralizeaz\u0103 virusul. Totu\u0219i, \u00een anumite cazuri, mai ales \u00een r\u00e2ndul celor de peste 65 de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5848,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5856,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5855\/revisions\/5856"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}