{"id":7880,"date":"2022-11-24T11:42:27","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T09:42:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=7880"},"modified":"2023-01-11T14:24:39","modified_gmt":"2023-01-11T12:24:39","slug":"boala-pulmonara-obstructiva-cronica-bpoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=7880","title":{"rendered":"Boala Pulmonar\u0103 Obstructiv\u0103 Cronic\u0103 (BPOC)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2><strong><em>Timp de lectur\u0103 7 minute<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen noiembrie, lumea medical\u0103 marcheaz\u0103 Ziua mondial\u0103 de lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva BPOC, a treia cauz\u0103 principal\u0103 de deces \u00een lume acum, \u00een timp ce pronosticul este c\u0103 povara sa global\u0103 va cre\u0219te \u0219i mai mult. Boala pulmonar\u0103 obstructiv\u0103 cronic\u0103, sau BPOC, se refer\u0103 la un grup de boli care cauzeaz\u0103 blocarea fluxului de aer \u0219i probleme legate de respira\u021bie. Aceasta include emfizemul \u0219i bron\u0219ita cronic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc.png\"><img width=\"575\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7872\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc.png 575w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc-80x60.png 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Sursa foto: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/\">www.cdc.gov<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Principalele simptome ale BPOC sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>dispnee \u00een cre\u0219tere, \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd persoana este activ\u0103;<\/li><li>tuse toracic\u0103 persistent\u0103, cu flegm\u0103 &#8211; unii oameni pot considera c\u0103 este doar o &#8222;tuse a fum\u0103torului&#8221;;<\/li><li>infec\u021bii frecvente;<\/li><li>respira\u021bie \u0219uier\u0103toare persistent\u0103.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u0103r\u0103 tratament, simptomele se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021besc, de obicei progresiv. Pot exista, de asemenea, perioade \u00een care acestea se agraveaz\u0103 brusc, perioadele fiind cunoscute sub numele de acutizare sau exacerbare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un test simplu, numit spirometrie, poate fi folosit pentru a m\u0103sura func\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 \u0219i pentru a detecta BPOC la orice persoan\u0103 cu probleme respiratorii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen timp ce fumatul este cel mai cunoscut factor de risc pentru BPOC, povara ei la persoanele care nu au fumat niciodat\u0103 este mai mare dec\u00e2t se credea anterior \u0219i mai mare la femei dec\u00e2t la b\u0103rba\u021bi. La nivel mondial, se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 25-45 % dintre pacien\u021bii cu BPOC nu au fumat niciodat\u0103. Sunt necesare mai multe cercet\u0103ri pentru a descoperi caracteristicile BPOC la nefum\u0103tori, pentru a aborda prognosticul, caracteristicile clinice, radiografice \u0219i fiziologice \u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bile de tratament \u00een cazul acestui grup specific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acest context, un nou studiu publicat recent \u00een <em>The Journal of the American Medical Association<\/em> sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 o nepotrivire de m\u0103rime \u00eentre dimensiunea c\u0103ilor respiratorii \u0219i volumul pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor &#8211; o afec\u021biune numit\u0103 dysanapsis &#8211; ar putea explica cre\u0219terea riscului&nbsp; ca o persoan\u0103 s\u0103 dezvolte BPOC chiar dac\u0103 nu a fumat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Benjamin Smith, cercet\u0103tor la <em>Institutul de Cercetare al Centrului de S\u0103n\u0103tate al Universit\u0103\u021bii McGill (RI-MUHC)<\/em>, a condus o echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori din Canada \u0219i SUA, care a analizat date de la mai mult de 6, 500 de adul\u021bi mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 care au participat la trei studii care au inclus fum\u0103tori \u0219i nefum\u0103tori, cu \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 BPOC &#8211; Studiul MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), Studiul SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study) \u0219i studiul CanCOLD (Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Echipa a evaluat factorii de risc standard pentru BPOC, cum ar fi fumatul, fumatul pasiv, poluarea aerului \u0219i expunerile profesionale. Rezultatele arat\u0103 c\u0103 dysanapsisul pare a fi un factor de risc important pentru BPOC, asociat cu o varia\u021bie de dou\u0103 ori mai mare a riscului de BPOC \u00een compara\u021bie cu fumatul \u0219i al\u021bi factori de risc standard pentru BPOC. &#8222;<em>Odat\u0103 cu \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea normal\u0103, func\u021bia pulmonar\u0103 se diminueaz\u0103<\/em>&#8222;, explic\u0103 Dr. Smith. &#8222;<em>\u0218i din cauza acestui declin, persoanele cu c\u0103i respiratorii mai mici &#8211; care au deja o func\u021bie pulmonar\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 pentru \u00eenceput &#8211; pot dezvolta BPOC mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een via\u021b\u0103. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, fum\u0103torii cu c\u0103i respiratorii mai mari ar putea avea o anumit\u0103 rezerv\u0103 pentru a rezista efectelor nocive ale fumatului. Acestea fiind spuse, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere multiplele probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate cauzate de tutun, renun\u021barea la fumat r\u0103m\u00e2ne totu\u0219i de o importan\u021b\u0103 capital\u0103 \u00een prevenirea BPOC<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afectarea pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor cauzat\u0103 de BPOC este permanent\u0103, dar tratamentul poate ajuta la \u00eencetinirea progresiei bolii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tratamentele includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\"><li>renun\u021barea la fumat &#8211; dac\u0103 ave\u021bi BPOC \u0219i fuma\u021bi, acesta este cel mai important lucru pe care \u00eel pute\u021bi face;<\/li><li>inhalatoare \u0219i medicamente &#8211; pentru a v\u0103 ajuta s\u0103 respira\u021bi mai u\u0219or;<\/li><li>reabilitarea pulmonar\u0103 &#8211; un program specializat de exerci\u021bii fizice \u0219i educa\u021bie;<\/li><li>interven\u021bie chirurgical\u0103 sau transplant de pl\u0103m\u00e2ni &#8211; de\u0219i aceasta este o op\u021biune doar pentru un num\u0103r foarte mic de persoane.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 fumul de tutun este, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, principala cauz\u0103 a BPOC, aceasta este o afec\u021biune care poate fi prevenit\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103. V\u0103 pute\u021bi reduce semnificativ riscurile de a o dezvolta, dac\u0103 evita\u021bi fumatul. Dac\u0103 fuma\u021bi deja, stoparea acestui comportament v\u0103 poate ajuta s\u0103 preveni\u021bi deteriorarea \u00een continuare a pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor, \u00eenainte ca boala s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 provoace simptome sup\u0103r\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc1.jpg\"><img width=\"850\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7861\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc1.jpg 850w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc1-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bpoc1-768x361.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, reabilitarea pulmonar\u0103 ajut\u0103 la ameliorarea simptomelor BPOC \u0219i permite pacien\u021bilor s\u0103 fie activi f\u0103r\u0103 a avea dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie. Conform speciali\u0219tilor, reabilitarea pulmonar\u0103 cuprinde o palet\u0103 larg\u0103 de instrumente, pornind de la exerci\u021biile aerobice, considerate foarte eficace, cuprinz\u00e2nd \u0219i alte tipuri de exerci\u021bii fizice, stimularea electric\u0103 neuromuscular\u0103, biofeedback-ul, diverse tehnici manuale sau mecanice de eliminare a secre\u021biilor din c\u0103ile respiratorii, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, Ziua Mondial\u0103 de lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva BPOC e marcat\u0103 at\u00e2t de o conferin\u021b\u0103 de pres\u0103 organizat\u0103 pe <strong>16 noiembrie de Societatea Rom\u00e2n\u0103 de Pneumologie<\/strong>, c\u00e2t \u0219i de <strong>Conferin\u021ba <em>Excelen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i exigen\u021b\u0103 \u00een BPOC<\/em><\/strong>, edi\u021bia a III-a, prezidat\u0103 de Roxana Maria Neme\u0219, Pre\u0219edintele SRP. Dintre subiectele abordate in edi\u021biile precedente, remarc\u0103m abordarea factorilor de risc \u00een BPOC, implica\u021biile fumatului \u00een evolu\u021bia pacientului cu BPOC, rolul nutri\u021biei \u00een cazul pacientului BPOC sau rela\u021bia dintre BPOC \u0219i COVID 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 a rela\u021biei dintre BPOC \u0219i COVID 19, o recenzie recent\u0103 a diferitelor studii pe cele 2 subiecte, publicat\u0103 \u00een martie anul acesta \u00een revista <em>Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine<\/em>, aduce \u00a0dovezi epidemiologice c\u0103 pacien\u021bii cu BPOC au rezultate mai proaste \u00een urma \u00eemboln\u0103virii COVID-19. Exist\u0103 mecanisme biologice care fac ca pacien\u021bii cu BPOC s\u0103 fie mai susceptibili la dob\u00e2ndirea infec\u021biilor virale \u0219i la consecin\u021bele fiziopatologice ale COVID-19, inclusiv micro tromboza \u0219i infec\u021bia bacterian\u0103 secundar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acesta este un nou motiv, de mare actualitate, pentru care prevenirea BPOC este o tem\u0103 major\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 la nivel global, care trebuie promovat\u0103 ca atare, puternic \u0219i consecvent, \u00een r\u00e2ndul opiniei publice. Este un obiectiv pe care \u0219i-l propune \u0219i Ziua Mondial\u0103 a luptei \u00eempotriva BPOC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor executiv E-asistent<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><u>Surse de documentare:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/copd\/index.html#:~:text=What%20is%20COPD%3F,Americans%20who%20have%20this%20disease\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/copd\/index.html<\/a> (sursa foto 1 \u0219i 2)<\/li><li>2.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160645?utm_source=Sailthru%20Email&amp;utm_medium=Email&amp;utm_campaign=MNT%20Daily%20News&amp;utm_content=2022-01-08&amp;apid=32792208&amp;rvid=beaf58282096d50d2dec1156befbe9a46ec8516b489641db27394c944714b7f8\">https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/160645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd\/\">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) &#8211; NHS (www.nhs.uk)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.srp.ro\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"www.srp.ro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.srp.ro<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5005388\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prevalence and incidence of COPD in smokers and non-smokers: the Rotterdam Study &#8211; PMC (nih.gov)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/newsroom\/channels\/news\/why-do-some-non-smokers-get-copd-while-many-heavy-smokers-dont-322660\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why do some non-smokers get COPD while many heavy smokers don\u2019t? | Newsroom &#8211; McGill University<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34690257\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19: interrelationships &#8211; PubMed (nih.gov)<\/a><\/li><li>Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/co-pulmonarymedicine\/toc\/2022\/03000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">March 2022 &#8211; Volume 28- Issue 2 &#8211; p 76-83<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viata-medicala.ro\/aparitii-editoriale\/nou-ghid-de-reabilitare-pulmonara-21666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nou ghid de reabilitare pulmonar\u0103 &#8211; Via\u021ba Medical\u0103 (viata-medicala.ro)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Timp de lectur\u0103 7 minute \u00cen noiembrie, lumea medical\u0103 marcheaz\u0103 Ziua mondial\u0103 de lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva BPOC, a treia cauz\u0103 principal\u0103 de deces \u00een lume acum, \u00een timp ce pronosticul este c\u0103 povara sa global\u0103 va cre\u0219te \u0219i mai mult. Boala pulmonar\u0103 obstructiv\u0103 cronic\u0103, sau BPOC, se refer\u0103 la un grup de boli care cauzeaz\u0103 blocarea [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7880"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7881,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7880\/revisions\/7881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}