{"id":791,"date":"2011-03-18T11:07:30","date_gmt":"2011-03-18T09:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=791"},"modified":"2011-04-06T13:39:21","modified_gmt":"2011-04-06T11:39:21","slug":"tuberculoza-pulmonara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=791","title":{"rendered":"Ziua mondial\u0103 de lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva tuberculozei"},"content":{"rendered":"

TRECUT, PREZENT \u015eI VIITOR<\/strong>
\nTuberculoza <\/strong>este o boal\u0103 infecto-contagioas\u0103, provocat\u0103 de bacilul Koch<\/em><\/strong>, denumit astfel, dup\u0103 numele celui care l-a descoperit \u00een anul 1882 (ROBERT KOCH).<\/p>\n

\"tuberculoza
\nTuberculoza a fost \u015fi\u00a0 este \u00eenc\u0103, o boal\u0103 cu evolu\u0163ie cronic\u0103 \u015fi larg\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire pe \u00eentreaga suprafa\u0163\u0103 a globului.
\n\u00cen ultimii 50 de ani, de\u015fi au devenit disponibile mijloace \u015fi strategii eficace de combatere a bolii, tuberculoza continu\u0103 s\u0103 reprezinte la scar\u0103 mondial\u0103, o problem\u0103 grav\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate comunitar\u0103.
\n<\/strong>Date recente ale O.M.S. arat\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een prezent, o treime din popula\u0163ia lumii este infectat\u0103 cu M.tuberculosis<\/em><\/strong> \u015fi c\u0103, anual, se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 circa 9 milioane de cazuri noi de \u00eemboln\u0103vire. <\/strong>Este motivul pentru care O.M.S. a declarat tuberculoza drept \u201eurgen\u0163\u0103 global\u0103\u201d<\/strong> pe plan mondial.<\/p>\n

AGENT PATOGEN<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>Agen\u0163ii etiologici<\/strong> ai tuberculozei sunt grupa\u0163i \u00een \u201ecomplexul M.tuberculosis\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, sunt strict patogeni, germenii multiplic\u00e2ndu-se numai \u00een \u0163esuturile organismului parazitat.<\/p>\n

TRANSMITEREA INFEC\u0162IEI TUBERCULOASE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Calea de transmitere<\/strong> este aerogen\u0103 \u2013 prin aspira\u0163ie pe canalul bron\u015fic \u015fi fixare a bacililor \u00een pl\u0103m\u00e2n. Sursa principal\u0103<\/strong> de infec\u0163ie a bolii o constituie omul bolnav cu tuberculoz\u0103, care elimin\u0103 bacili tuberculo\u015fi, cel mai frecvent prin tuse \u015fi expectora\u0163ie, dar \u015fi prin vorbit, \u00a0str\u0103nut, r\u00e2s sau c\u00e2ntat. Ne putem g\u00e2ndi la un diagnostic de tuberculoz\u0103 dac\u0103 sunt prezente urm\u0103toarele simptome:<\/p>\n

Generale<\/span>:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Respiratorii:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sc\u0103dere ponderal\u0103, paloare \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuse cu expectora\u0163ie
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Febr\u0103, transpira\u0163ii nocturne \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hemoptizie
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oboseal\u0103 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dureri toracice
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pierderea apetitului \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dispnee
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Amenoree
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tahicardie<\/p>\n

Toate aceste simptome pot fi \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u015fi \u00een alte boli pulmonare.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

DURATA DE PESTE 3 S\u0102PT\u0102M\u00c2NI A SIMPTOMELOR
\n<\/strong>POATE ORIENTA SPRE TUBERCULOZ\u0102.
\n<\/strong>Debutul bolii <\/strong>poate fi:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 asimptomatic \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – 20-40%;
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 insidios\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a040%
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 brusc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – 20-40%<\/p>\n

MIJLOACE DE DEPISTARE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sunt depista\u0163i o serie de factori favorizan\u0163i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 context epidemiologic semnificativ (contact cu bolnav TB, TB \u00een antecedente);
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 prezen\u0163a unor boli ce pot determina sc\u0103deri ale imunit\u0103\u0163ii organismului (diabet zaharat, ulcer, neoplazii, infec\u0163ie HIV);.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 reac\u0163ia la tuberculin\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pentru confirmarea diagnosticului<\/strong> sunt necesare urm\u0103toarele investiga\u0163ii:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 examen radiologic (identific\u0103 \u201eleziuni minime\u201d);
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 investiga\u0163ie bacteriologic\u0103 cu punerea \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 a M.tuberculosis;
\n<\/em>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 examen microscopic (are avantajul rapidit\u0103\u0163ii, permi\u0163\u00e2nd identificarea cazurilor contagioase \u015fi \u00eenceperea rapid\u0103 a tratamentului);
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 alte investiga\u0163ii:<\/p>\n