{"id":8044,"date":"2023-03-27T10:28:54","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T08:28:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=8044"},"modified":"2023-04-28T09:17:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T07:17:40","slug":"o-analiza-comparativa-a-starii-actuale-a-asistentei-medicale-primare-in-patru-tari-europene-danemarca-marea-britanie-olanda-si-spania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/?p=8044","title":{"rendered":"O analiz\u0103 comparativ\u0103 a st\u0103rii actuale a asisten\u021bei medicale primare \u00een patru \u021b\u0103ri europene: Danemarca, Marea Britanie, Olanda \u0219i Spania"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Episodul 2 \u2013 Asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103 din Danemarca<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Timp de lectur\u0103: 6 minute<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen \u021b\u0103rile cu asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 primar\u0103 puternic\u0103, constat\u0103m c\u0103 aceasta este asigurat\u0103 de mai multe verigi care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel comunitar. Acestea includ cel pu\u021bin asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de medicul de familie \u0219i pe cea asigurat\u0103 de asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conform defini\u021biei Asocia\u021biei Americane de S\u0103n\u0103tate Public\u0103<\/em>, asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103 (public health nursing) este practica de promovare \u0219i protec\u021bie a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii popula\u021biei folosind cuno\u0219tin\u021be din domeniul \u0219tiin\u021belor medicale, sociale \u0219i de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 cuprinde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. evaluarea nevoilor de s\u0103n\u0103tate ale unei popula\u021bii pentru a identifica sub popula\u021biile, familiile \u0219i persoanele care ar beneficia de promovarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii sau care sunt expuse riscului de \u00eemboln\u0103vire, r\u0103nire, invaliditate sau moarte prematur\u0103.<\/li>
  2. elaborarea un plan de interven\u021bie \u00eempreun\u0103 cu comunitatea pentru a r\u0103spunde nevoilor identificate, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de resursele disponibile, de gama de activit\u0103\u021bi care contribuie la s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i la prevenirea bolilor, a leziunilor, a dizabilit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i a deceselor premature.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    Sursa foto: Community Health Nursing – DBfK<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103 poate include asisten\u021ba \u0219i furnizarea de \u00eengrijiri pentru membrii individuali ai popula\u021biei \u0219i, de asemenea, identificarea persoanelor care nu solicit\u0103 \u00eengrijire, dar care au probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate care \u00eei pun pe ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i \u0219i pe ceilal\u021bi din comunitate \u00een pericol, cum ar fi cei cu boli infec\u021bioase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Asistenta medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103 nu se concentreaz\u0103 pe furnizarea de \u00eengrijire direct\u0103 a persoanelor din mediul comunitar, ci sprijin\u0103 furnizarea de \u00eengrijire direct\u0103 printr-un proces de evaluare \u0219i apreciere a nevoilor indivizilor \u00een contextul grupului popula\u021bional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Asistentele medicale comunitare colaboreaz\u0103 cu al\u021bi furnizori de asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 pentru a planifica, dezvolta \u0219i sprijini sistemele \u0219i programele din comunitate pentru a preveni problemele \u0219i a asigura accesul la asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen Europa, formarea  \u0219i practica asisten\u021bilor medicali comunitari s-au dezvoltat odat\u0103 cu mi\u0219carea de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 care a \u00eenceput cu mai mult de 100 de ani \u00een urm\u0103, concentr\u00e2ndu-se pe prevenirea bolilor \u0219i promovarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii indivizilor \u0219i familiilor din comunit\u0103\u021bi. Primele asistente medicale comunitare calificate au fost examinate \u00een Anglia la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului 19 de c\u0103tre Florence Nightingale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De\u0219i termenul de asistent medical comunitar sau asistent medical de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 nu este consecvent folosit la nivel interna\u021bional, \u00een literatura de specialitate sau \u00een practic\u0103, Uniunea European\u0103 a stabilit \u00een 2001 o ini\u021biativ\u0103 pentru a dezvolta un program comun de educa\u021bie \u00een domeniul asisten\u021bei medicale comunitare. \u00cen acest context, mai multe \u021b\u0103ri din UE au elaborat un program care descrie cuno\u0219tin\u021bele, abilit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i atitudinile necesare \u00een acest domeniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Competen\u021bele asistentelor medicale comunitare sunt descrise \u00een felul urm\u0103tor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. s\u0103 identifice \u0219i s\u0103 evalueze nevoile de s\u0103n\u0103tate ale indivizilor, familiilor \u0219i comunit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i\/sau s\u0103 le ierahizeze \u00een conformitate cu nevoile de s\u0103n\u0103tate, cu standardele de nursing \u0219i cu politicile relevante;<\/li>
    2. s\u0103 ini\u021bieze sau s\u0103 contribuie la furnizarea de ac\u021biuni sau programe de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103 din diferite medii de \u00eengrijire; s\u0103 faciliteze \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eemputerniceasc\u0103 individul, familia \u0219i\/sau comunitatea pentru a-\u0219i cre\u0219te controlul asupra factorilor determinan\u021bi ai s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii;<\/li>
    3. s\u0103 lucreze \u00een colaborare cu alte profesii \u0219i sectoare;<\/li>
    4. s\u0103 evalueze rezultatul propriilor ac\u021biuni\/programe \u0219i\/ s\u0103 participe la evaluarea altor programe de s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Dar cum arat\u0103 aceste lucruri \u00een Danemarca?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00cen \u021b\u0103rile nordice, institu\u021biile de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt superior ofer\u0103 programe de formare sau cursuri educa\u021bionale \u00een asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103, bazate pe orient\u0103ri na\u021bionale care descriu obiectivele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare \u0219i practica a\u0219teptat\u0103 a profesiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00cen Danemarca, candida\u021bii la programele de asisten\u021b\u0103 medical comunitar\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 o licen\u021b\u0103 \u00een nursing, s\u0103 participe la practica clinic\u0103 timp de cel pu\u021bin doi ani cu norm\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 clinic\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 dintre urm\u0103toarele \u0219ase domenii, dintre care unul pentru cel pu\u021bin opt luni: neonatologie, pediatrie, asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 la domiciliu, psihiatrie pediatric\u0103, asisten\u021b\u0103 maternal\u0103 sau medicin\u0103 general\u0103.  Sunt incluse stagii clinice \u00eentr-o comunitate, primul stagiu se concentreaz\u0103 pe copiii, tinerii \u0219i familiile cu nevoi obi\u0219nuite, al doilea pe copiii, tinerii \u0219i familiile cu nevoi speciale \u0219i \u00een curs de dezvoltare, iar al treilea pe dezvoltarea practicii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Municipalit\u0103\u021bile sunt obligate s\u0103 aib\u0103 asisten\u021bi medicali comunitari<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Un grup \u021bint\u0103 principal al asisten\u021bei medicale comunitare este reprezentat de copii \u0219i tineri p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de 18 ani, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu familiile acestora. De exemplu, asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103 joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een promovarea s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u0219i preven\u021bie  \u00een timpul primului an al copilului prin consilierea familiei. Prin lege, familiilor cu un nou-n\u0103scut li se ofer\u0103 cel pu\u021bin cinci vizite la domiciliu \u00een primul an al copilului. 99 % dintre familiile daneze beneficiaz\u0103 de aceste vizite gratuite. Cele 1 % care refuz\u0103 sunt urm\u0103rite de medicul de familie. Asisten\u021bii medicali comunitari efectueaz\u0103 vizite la domiciliu, coopereaz\u0103 cu gr\u0103dini\u021bele, ofer\u0103 asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 \u0219colar\u0103 \u0219i cursuri pentru p\u0103rin\u021bi pre – \u0219i post-partum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Mirela Musta\u021b\u0103, Redactor executiv E-asistent<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Surse de documentare:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1.What Is a Community Health Nurse? | A-State Online (astate.edu)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2.Public Health Nursing – Uniting to Improve Public Health | ANA (nursingworld.org)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3.Public Health Nursing Manual | Local Public Health Agencies | Health & Senior Services (mo.gov)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Public health nurse education in the Nordic countries – Alstveit – 2022 – Public Health Nursing – Wiley Online Library<\/a>, Marit Alstveit RN, PHN, PhD<\/a>,\u00a0Sari Lahti RN, PHN, MNSc<\/a>,\u00a0Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur S\u00eda J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir RN, CNM, PhD<\/a>,\u00a0Nina Egeland RN, PHN, MHSc<\/a>,\u00a0Susanne Klit S\u00f8rensen RN, PHN, MAH<\/a>,\u00a0Anna Josse Eklund RN, PHN, PhD<\/a>, First published: 08 December 2021 – https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phn.13029<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5. PRIMARY CARE REVIEW OF DENMARK – March 2017, Publisher: OECD Publishing, ISBN: 9789264269453 (PDF) ;9789264269446(print), (PDF) PRIMARY CARE REVIEW OF DENMARK (researchgate.net)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Episodul 2 \u2013 Asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103 din Danemarca Timp de lectur\u0103: 6 minute \u00cen \u021b\u0103rile cu asisten\u021b\u0103 medical\u0103 primar\u0103 puternic\u0103, constat\u0103m c\u0103 aceasta este asigurat\u0103 de mai multe verigi care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel comunitar. Acestea includ cel pu\u021bin asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 asigurat\u0103 de medicul de familie \u0219i pe cea asigurat\u0103 de asisten\u021ba medical\u0103 comunitar\u0103. Conform defini\u021biei […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[152,13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8044"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8045,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8044\/revisions\/8045"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.easistent.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}